       About the RibosomeThe ribosome is a molecular machine made up of RNA and protein whose function of converting genetic information into proteins is essential for all forms of life. In prokaryotes, such as bacteria, the ribosome is comprised of a small (30S) and a large (50S) subunit. Those subunits are further broken down into portions of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. The 23S (grey, Figure 1) and the 5S rRNAs (light blue) associate with their respective proteins (royal blue) to make up the 50S of the ribosome (left), while the 16S RNA (cyan) associates with its proteins (dark blue) to make up the 30S (right). Although each subunit is responsible for different steps in protein production, targeting either subunit results in a non-functional ribosome. Rib-X designs drug candidates to target binding sites on the 50S.
Figure 1. The large (50S) and small (30S) ribosomal subunits.
The Ribosome As a Drug Target
Ribosomes translate genetic information into the proteins that perform essential biological functions in all living organisms. Therefore, ribosomes are an indispensible part of life. Some organisms in nature have found ways to prevent ribosomal function as a way to protect themselves and their environment. For example, some soil microorganisms have evolved the ability to protect their niche in the environment by making antibacterial compounds, many of which block ribosome function. Humans have discovered a number of these natural products and converted them into antibiotics that are used commercially today. Thus, Mother Nature has validated the ribosome as a suitable target.
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